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A03B-0801-C007

3D打印技术在汽车业中的应用现状
虽然关于3D打印汽车的新闻屡有报道，但是细心的读者不难发现，3D打印汽车这个概念的宣传力度大于实际应用，以上述七大概念车为例，3D打印组件仅占整车中很小的一部分，而且还是非承力件。因此有分析人士认为，3D打印汽车更多的是在宣传一种技术发展理念，通过这一理念来拉动消费，并不是真的要采用3D打印来生产汽车。
然而，3D打印作为一项新兴技术有其独特的优越性，依然在汽车业中有着许多成功的应用案例。下面从汽车设计、制造和消费的不同阶段来分析3D打印技术在汽车业中的应用。
在汽车设计阶段，3D打印可快速制作概念模型和功能原型，在产品研发初期大大缩短汽车零部件的验证时间，从而缩短汽车的研发周期，并尽可能地降低由于设计方面的原因而造成的成本浪费。例如，兰博基尼采用3D打印技术研制引擎管路，实现了用较短的时间完成复杂结构的制作。
在汽车制造阶段，汽车的外饰包括车灯、保险杠、徽标、挡泥板等，汽车的内饰包括声学系统、方向盘、仪表板、操作杆等，以及底盘、车身等都成功应用了3D打印技术。据报道，3D打印技术的应用在缩短生产周期、降低生产成本方面发挥了重要作用。
汽车消费阶段，也就是说汽车进入消费者手中，厂商需要对其车辆进行维保、修复，在这一领域，3D打印技术可谓大展身手。比如，保时捷采用3D打印技术为经典汽车生产零备件，奔驰公司采用3D打印的零部件修复20世纪50年代的跑车，宝马公司采用3D打印零件修复老旧座驾。此外，在汽车零部件的供应链中，应用3D打印技术已是目前各大公司的追求目标。
3. 3D打印是噱头还是工业革命？
在3D打印技术发展的如火如荼的时候，也有业内人士指出，3D打印技术在批量生产方面还无法与传统工业相比，标准化作业还无法大规模实现，打印材料远未达到广泛使用的要求，高性能零部件的打印技术还没有形成，复合型人才的缺乏等，都限制了3D打印技术的推广应用，更不要说3D打印整车了，3D打印汽车也只是一个博人眼球的噱头而已。
另一方面的声音就很乐观了。早在2014年就有学者撰文《3D打印技术颠覆汽车制造业》，提出了3D打印技术将引领汽车制造业的观点。2016年，《美国汽车新闻》评选出全球十二大汽车行业的颠覆者，3D打印位居榜首。由此可见3D打印技术的先进性。
3D打印是“噱头”还是“工业革命”？我们应该客观评价3D打印技术的发展与应用，既不要抵触，也不要神话。作为一种新兴的科学技术，3D打印有着传统工艺无法比拟的优势，但不可否认也存在无法克服的缺陷，我们应该做的是尽可能的发挥其长处，在生产中取得更高的效益。

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